| Blueprint ID | Learning Objectives |
| 9679 | Describe the pathologic reactions such as fibrosis, myxoid degeneration, calcification and alterations to supporting structures which may lead to the syndrome of stenosis or regurgitation. |
| 9680 | List the local and systemic effects of stenotic and regurgitant valvular lesions. |
| 9681 | Explain the natural history of some common valvular lesions such as: a. calcific bicuspid aortic stenosis, b. rheumatic aortic and mitral stenosis, c. senile degenerative calcific aortic stenosis, d. floppy mitral valve, e. calcification of mitral annulus, f. dilatation of aortic root due to different etiologies and the resultant aortic incompetence. |
| 9682 | Describe the gross lesions of acute rheumatic fever, their clinical consequences and longterm consequences. |
| 9683 | Describe the microscopic lesions that may be seen in acute rheumatic fever; outline the extent of longterm resolution and organization and discuss the functional consequences that result from this reparative reaction. |
| 9684 | Distinguish between infectious and non-infectious endocarditis and outline the pathogenesis of each. |
| 9685 | List conditions which predispose to endocarditis. |
| 9686 | Outline the local anatomic and clinical consequences of infectious endocarditis on the valve and myocardium. |
| 9687 | Outline the systemic effects of infectious endocarditis with respect to: a. metastatic abscess, b. embolic-infarctive, c. autoimmne effects such as renal glomerulonephritis |
| 9688 | Discuss prosthetic valve placement from the point of view of: a. interruption of the natural history of valvular heart disease, and b. possible complications of prosthetic heart valves of mechanical and bioprosthetic types (wear and tear formation, embolic disorders and infectious complications). |
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